{"id":726,"date":"2020-05-12T16:33:22","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T16:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/?p=726"},"modified":"2023-05-05T11:37:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T11:37:49","slug":"drink-a-cultural-history-of-alcohol-by-iain-gately","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/2020\/05\/12\/drink-a-cultural-history-of-alcohol-by-iain-gately\/","title":{"rendered":"Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol by Iain Gately"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc\" style=\"background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px;\">\n<p class=\"toctitle\" style=\"font-weight: 700;text-align: center;\">Contents:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"toc_list\">\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0\">The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1\">What to Do if You Have a History of Alcohol Abuse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2\">The Rise and Fall of Prohibition in America<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3\">Why did Anistatia love this book?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4\">The Positive Side of Drinking<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Around 1750 BC, the famous Code of Hammurabi devoted attention to alcohol. However, there were no penalties for drunkenness; in fact, it was not even mentioned. Although it was not a crime, the Babylonians were critical of drunkenness. Robert Dudley, the University of California, Berkeley physiologist who first suggested the idea, calls it the \u201cdrunken monkey\u201d hypothesis.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class='aligncenter' style='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' src=\"https:\/\/sober-home.org\/wp-content\/themes\/soberhouse\/assets\/image\/logo.png\" width=\"307px\" alt=\"history of alcohol\"\/><\/p>\n<p>The Twenty-first Amendment, the first and only repeal to affect the U.S. Many states remained officially dry, meaning no liquor could be sold within state lines. Others allowed counties or towns to decide for themselves whether they would permit alcohol. In 1956, the American Medical Association took a powerful step by officially recognizing alcoholism as a disease.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, compared with nonalcoholics, the stably abstinent Core City men still manifested an increased death rate. Nevertheless, long-term followup of the Core City men demonstrated that physical health steadily improved among the stably abstinent men compared with the chronic alcoholics. Similar to the College sample, the Core City subjects were studied by physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and <a href=\"https:\/\/sober-home.org\/\">https:\/\/sober-home.org\/<\/a> social workers. The initial assessment included interviews with the boys, their families, and their schools as well as a review of information from public records (e.g., through the criminal justice system, social services, and mental health services). Based on this information, the investigators documented the subjects\u2019 family histories of criminality, mental health, and alcoholism for three generations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0\">The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World<\/h2>\n<p>Thus, although many sociopaths abuse alcohol as part of their antisocial behavior, most alcoholics are not sociopathic except as a result of their addiction. Another category of consequences known to be widespread but hard to quantify consists of the negative emotional effects of alcohol abuse. Many alcoholics report feeling depressed, anxious, powerless, or troubled.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class='aligncenter' style='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' src=\"https:\/\/sober-house.net\/wp-content\/themes\/soberhouse\/assets\/image\/logo.png\" width=\"308px\" alt=\"history of alcohol\"\/><\/p>\n<p>The ancient Greeks themselves serve as a good example of this dichotomy. Wine was a catalyst for much of the spiritual and intellectual sides of Greek life, but limits were recognized; Greek hosts would serve their guests only three bowls of wine . When the third bowl was served, it was understood that that would be the last bowl of the evening. Wine was at the center of almost every communal ritual across the Europe of the Roman Empire, and not everyone knew when to stop drinking. Prisoners and slaves were often sacrificed, and sword fights quickly broke out over the most trivial of quibbles, egged on by a drunken audience.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1\">What to Do if You Have a History of Alcohol Abuse<\/h2>\n<p>Between 500 BC and 300 BC, the Hebrews adopted the beverage for all classes and ages. It was a drink, a part of festivals, a medicine, a provision in time of war, a necessary supply for their lives. Some herb-based beverages may have been used for medicinal purposes as well. \u201cHistorical evolution of alcohol consumption in society.\u201d Oxford Scholarship Online. History of Alcohol InfographicDespite the massive cultural developments that alcohol has spurred on, humanity has been struggling with its negative effects for a long while. The first recorded instance of alcohol control comes from Hammurabi\u2019s Code around 1720 B.C., which placed strict requirements on tavern-keepers to avoid serving alcohol to criminals.<\/p>\n<p>Both evangelical religious involvement and AA participation served as sources of hope  and self-esteem. Such intense involvement may have provided group forgiveness and relieved the feelings of shame over past relapses and over the negative impact on others caused by these relapses. Another important type of alcohol-related death occurs in traffic accidents. Each year some 15 million people are involved in reported motor vehicle crashes in the United States, according to figures from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. In 1984 these crashes caused about 44,000 fatalities and over 3 million injuries. Perhaps another quarter of all traffic deaths involve alcohol in a more tangential way.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2\">The Rise and Fall of Prohibition in America<\/h2>\n<p>A very well and researched tome on the history of drinking, mainly focussed for the western audience, it does cover the ancient period up to the modern day and really gives an insight into how prevalent drinking is in many cultures. I did enjoy this and ended up having a few drinks while reading it, I think that gives it an extra dimension. There could be more done on the more neglected drinking cultures of Africa and other places but that will most likely be in a book by itself. It&#8217;s essentially an object-oriented history, looking at the world from the perspective of alcohol as religious, economic, and social actor.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alcohol\u2019s storied relationship with the U.S. dates back to the dawn of the nation, according to Derek Brown, chief spirits advisor for the National Archives Museum\u2019s \u201cSpirited Republic\u201d exhibit.<\/li>\n<li>Rates of heavy alcohol consumption were highest in developed and high-income countries.<\/li>\n<li>One of Drink\u2019s most fascinating subplots, as it turns out, is humanity\u2019s apparently universal contempt for water.<\/li>\n<li>The star of the book is ethanol, alcohol\u2019s \u201cchemical soul\u201d\u2014a clear, sweet, volatile, nutritive liquid that\u2019s produced naturally when yeast attacks fruit, and which inhibits our central nervous system in all kinds of entertaining ways.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That New Year\u2019s Eve, as people drank in 1927, many jammed Bellevue Hospital on New Year\u2019s Day and 41 died. About 15,000 people were reported poisoned in just one county <a href=\"https:\/\/sober-house.net\/\">sober house boston<\/a> in Kansas. Up to 50,000 people may have died from the repurposed industrial alcohol nationwide and thousands of others were stricken by crippling paralysis.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3\">Why did Anistatia love this book?<\/h2>\n<p>The author\u2019s celebration of, as he calls it, \u201cthe art of mixology\u201d, never fails to delight me. 1 author pickedEveryday Drinkingas one of their favorite books, and they sharewhy you should read it. Then came the stock-market crash in 1929, followed by massive unemployment, a crisis in agriculture, and worldwide economic depression. Americans became angry about prohibition, and some of the same influential people who had demanded it now called for it to end.<\/p>\n<p>But the alcoholism perspective lies at the heart of such organizations as Alcoholics Anonymous, and it provides the basis for many of the treatment programs that have arisen under medical auspices. Despite the flagrant abuses of Prohibition, much of the public remained strongly in favor of it. The elections of 1928 returned heavy majorities supporting the 18th Amendment to Congress. But the economic collapse that began the following year changed the situation drastically.<\/p>\n<p>Semitic cuneiform literature of the northern Canaanites, in prebiblical Ugarit, contains abundant references to the ubiquitous religious and household uses of alcohol. Tamara Stewart, &#8222;Ceramic analysis indicates fermented beverage was consumed in New Mexico,&#8221; American Archeology, vol 12 no. 1, spring 2008. The colonists also learned to make a wide variety of wine from fruits. They additionally made wine from such products as flowers, herbs, and even oak leaves. While drunkenness was still an accepted part of life in the 18th century, the 19th century would bring a change in attitudes as a result of increasing industrialization and the need for a reliable and punctual work force. Self-discipline was needed in place of self-expression, and task orientation had to replace relaxed conviviality.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in the College sample, progression to alcoholism often occurred even more slowly, with some subjects drinking asymptomatically for as long as 20 years before becoming alcoholic. Conversely, sociopathic alcoholics in the Core City sample exhibited a much more rapid onset of alcoholism. Selected current and lifetime drinking patterns of Core City subjects evaluated at age 47. The data suggest that alcohol consumption stabilizes or declines during middle age. No single view of alcohol completely shapes personal attitudes and public policies in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Beer manufacturing began to grow in Germany, with cities competing for the best products.  By the end of the Middle Ages, beer and wine production made its way to Scotland and England and quickly became important industries. The Middle Ages in Europe saw extensive development of choices of wines, beer and mead . Wines stayed the most popular choices in the regions that became Italy, Spain and France. Monks began to brew nearly all the beer of good quality, which by this time contained hops, plus wine for celebrating mass.<\/p>\n<p>Alcohol is itself a source of calories, and most alcoholic beverages contain traces of other nutrients. Alcoholic beverages also rarely spoil and are free of most waterborne diseases. This was one reason why colonial <a href=\"https:\/\/sober-house.org\/\">eco sober house cost<\/a> Americans preferred alcohol to water, which was often considered impure and dangerous to drink. The intent of Prohibition was to deter the consumption of alcohol, which was seen as unhealthful and a public nuisance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contents: The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World What to Do if You Have a History of Alcohol Abuse The Rise and Fall of Prohibition in America Why did Anistatia love this book? The Positive Side of Drinking Around 1750 BC, the famous Code of Hammurabi devoted attention to alcohol. However, there were no penalties [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sober-living"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=726"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":727,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726\/revisions\/727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tadolubos.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}